Njengabantu ubudala, ukwehla komsebenzi wobuchopho bubonakala ngokwengeziwe. Phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-20-49, iningi liqala ukuqaphela ukwehla komsebenzi wokuqonda lapho bethola ukulahleka kwenkumbulo lapho bethola ukulahleka kwememori noma ukukhohlwa. Kulabo asebekhulile ngo-50-59, ukugcwaliseka kokuncipha kwengqondo kuvame ukuza lapho beqala ukuzwa ukudonsa okubonakalayo.
Lapho uhlola izindlela zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, amaqembu ahlukene wobudala agxila ezicini ezahlukahlukene. Abantu abaneminyaka engama-20- 29 bavame ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukulala ukuze bakhulise ukusebenza kobuchopho (44.7%), ngenkathi abantu abaneminyaka yobunye 30-39 banentshisekelo yokunciphisa ukukhathala (47,5%). Kulabo asebekhulile ngo-40-59, ukuthuthuka kubhekwa njengokubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wobuchopho (iminyaka engama-40-49: 44%, 50-59 iminyaka: 43.4%).
Izithako ezidumile eMakethe Yezempilo Yezingqondo yaseJapan
Ngokuhambisana nomkhuba wembulunga yonke wokuphishekela impilo enempilo, imakethe yokudla esebenzayo yaseJapan igcizelela ikakhulukazi izixazululo zezinkinga ezithile zezempilo, ngempilo yobuchopho ukuba yindawo ebalulekile yokugxila. NgoDisemba 11, 2024, iJapan yayibhalise ukudla okusebenzayo okungu-1,012 (ngokuya ngemininingwane esemthethweni), kwawo angama-79 ahlobene nempilo yobuchopho. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-GABA yayiyisithako esisetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke, ilandelwainhlamvu/zeaxanthin, i-GinkGo Leaf Extract (ama-flavonoids, ama-terpenoids),Dha, I-bifidoobacterium mcc1274, portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, ama-midazolidine ama-peptides,I-PQQ, ne-ergothoioneine.
1. Gaba
I-Gaba (γ-Aminobutyric Acid) yi-Amino Acid engeyona eye-proteinogenic etholwe okokuqala osebenza nabaphathi kanye nozakwabo ezicubu zezambane zamazambane ngo-1949. Ngo-1950, uRobert et al. I-GABA ekhonjwe eMammalian Brains, yakhiwa ngokusebenzisa i-α-α-decarboxylication ye-glutamate noma usawoti wayo, ekhubazekile yi-glutamate deCarboxyley.
IGaba yi-neurotransmitter ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezinzwa ze-mammalian. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwe-neuronal ngokuvimbela ukuhanjiswa kwezimpawu ze-neural. Ebuchosheni, ibhalansi phakathi kwe-inhibitory neurotransission ethayishwe yi-GABA kanye ne-neurotransission ethokozisayo elungisiwe ngokugcina ukuqina kokuqina kwe-membrane kanye nomsebenzi ojwayelekile we-neural.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-Gaba ingavimba izinguquko ze-neurodegenerative futhi ithuthukise inkumbulo nemisebenzi yokuqonda. Izifundo zezilwane zibonisa ukuthi i-GABA ithuthukisa inkumbulo yesikhathi eside egunjini elinokwehla kwengqondo futhi likhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli we-NeuroEendocrine PC-12. Ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, i-GABA ikhonjiswe ukukhulisa amazinga e-serum brain ane-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) futhi anciphise ubungozi bokuwohloka komqondo kanye ne-Alzheimer's Disef e-Middle-Adf Women.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GABA inemiphumela emihle kwimood, ukucindezelwa, ukukhathala, nokulala. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ingxube ye-Gaba ne-L-THEANI inganciphisa isikhathi sokulala, yandise ubude besikhathi sokulala, futhi ihlukanise ukuvezwa kwe-Gaba kanye ne-glun1 receptor subnits.
2. Luutein / zeaxanthin
InhlamvuIngabe i-carotenoid efakwe oxygenated eyakhiwe ngezinsalela eziyisishiyagalombili zesoprene, i-polyene engafakwanga equkethe izibopho ezi-9 eziphindwe kabili, ezimunca futhi zikhipha ukukhanya kuma-wavelength athile, kuwunikeza izakhiwo ezihlukile zombala.Zeaxanthinyi-isomer ye-lutein, ehlukile esikhundleni sebhondi ephindwe kabili endandatho.
Luutein nolwexanthinkukhona imibala eyinhloko e-retina. I-lutein itholakala ikakhulu ku-peripheral retina, kanti uZaaxanthin ugxile ku-macula Central Macula. Imiphumela yokuvikela yeluutein nolwexanthinNgoba amehlo afaka ukwenza ngcono umbono, ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kweminyaka yobudala
Ngo-2017, abacwaningi abavela e-University of Georgia bathola lokholuutein nolwexanthinithonya kahle impilo yobuchopho kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ababambiqhaza abanamazinga aphezulu weluutein nolwexanthinKuboniswe umsebenzi wobuchopho obuphansi lapho wenza imisebenzi yokukhumbula amagama, kuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-neaural.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lubike ukuthi lutemax 2020, inyusa le-luteen kusuka ku-Omeo, i-neurotrotrophic fact ebaluleke kakhulu, futhi ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwama-neurons, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wokufunda othuthukisiwe.
(Amafomula wesakhiwo se-lutein ne-zeaxanthin)
3. I-GinkGo Leaf Extract (ama-flavonoids, ama-ternoids)
Ginkgo biloba, izinhlobo ezinda kakhulu ezisinda emndenini we-ginkgo, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inhlawulo ephilayo." Amaqabunga alo kanye nembewu ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lo khermacological futhi kungenye yemithi yemvelo esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Amakhompiyutha asebenzayo e-GinkGo Leaf akhishwe ikakhulukazi ama-flavonoids nama-terpenoids, anezakhiwo ezinjengokuthola ukuncishiswa kwe-lipid, imiphumela yokuthuthukisa, nokuvikela ubunzima, nokuvikela ukulimala ekulimaleni kwesibindi samakhemikhali.
I-monograph ye-World Health Organisation yezitshalo zokwelapha icacisa lokhoUGinkgoUkukhishwa kwamaqabunga kufanele kube nama-glycosides angama-22-27% ama-flavonoid nama-5-7% ama-terpenoids, ngokuqukethwe kwe-ginkGolic acid ngezansi 5 mg / kg. EJapan, i-Health and The Nutrition Footion Association ibeke amazinga asezingeni eliphakeme lokukhishwa kweqabunga le-GinkGo, edinga okuqukethwe okungenani kwe-flavonoid glycoside okungenani okungenani ama-6%, nge-GinkGolic acid egcinwe ngaphansi kwe-5 ppm. Ukuthathwa kwansuku zonke okunconyiwe kubantu abadala abaphakathi kuka-60 no-240 mg.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi kwesikhathi eside kokukhishwa kweqabunga leqabunga le-GinkGo, kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo, kungakhuthaza kakhulu imisebenzi ethile yokuqonda, kufaka phakathi ukunemba kwememori kanye namakhono wokwahlulela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ginkgo Extract ibikiwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi nomsebenzi.
4. Dha
Dha(Docosahexaenoenoenoic acid) yi-omega-3 i-polyunsaturated acid acid (PUFA). Iningi lasolwandle nemikhiqizo yazo, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi enamafutha, enikezela ngamagremu we-0.68-1.3 we-DHA ngama-100 amagremu ngama-100. Ukudla okususelwa ezilwaneni okufana namaqanda nenyama kuqukethe amanani amancane e-DHA. Ngokwengeziwe, ubisi lwebele lomuntu nolunye ubisi lwezilwane ezincelisayo luqukethe i-DHA. Ukucwaninga ngabantu besifazane abangaphezu kuka-2 400 kuzo zonke izifundo ezingama-65 kutholakale ukuthi okuphakathi kwe-DHA obisini lwebele kungu-0.06% wesisindo esiphelele, kusukela ngo-0.06% kuya ku-1.4%, kunesibalo sasogwini esinokugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-DHA ebisini lwebele.
I-DHA ihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho, ukusebenza, kanye nezifo. Ucwaningo olunzulu lukhombisa ukuthiDhaUngakhulisa ama-neurotransission, ukukhula kwe-neuronal, i-synaptic plastic, nokukhishwa kwe-neurotransmitter. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta kwezilingo eziyi-15 ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe kukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokudla kwansuku zonke kwe-580 mg ye-DHA ethuthukise ithuthukise i-Episodic Memory ethuthukisiwe kubantu abadala abanempilo (abaneminyaka engu-18-90 ubudala) nalabo abanokulimazeka kwengqondo emnene.
Izinqubo zesenzo ze-DHA zifaka: 1) Ukubuyisa isilinganiso se-N-3 / N-6 PUFA; 2) Ukuvimbela i-neuroinflammammoration ehlobene nobudala ebangelwa yi-M1 Microglial Cell cell; 3) Ukucindezela i-A1 Astrocyte Phenotype ngokunciphisa amamaki we-A1 anjenge-C3 ne-S100B; 4) Ukuvimbela ngempumelelo indlela yokusayina ye-proPSNF / P75 ngaphandle kokuguqula i-kinase B ehlobene ne-Neurotrophic ehlobene ne-Neurotrophic. futhi 5) Ukugqugquzela ukusinda kwe-neuronal ngokukhulisa amazinga we-phosphatidylserine, okusiza ukuqondiswa kwe-protein kinase b (AKT) nokwenza i-membrane.
I-5. I-Bifidoobacterium MCC1274
Amathumbu, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ubuchopho besibili," kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuxhumana okubalulekile ngobuchopho. I-gut, njengesitho ngokunyakaza okuzimele, kungasebenza ngokuzimele ngaphandle kokufundiswa kobuchopho okuqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamathumbu nobuchopho kugcinwa ngohlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele, amasiginali e-hormonal, nama-cytokines, akha lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi- "gut-brain axis."
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ama-bacterium gut adlala indima ekuqongeleleni kwamaprotheni ama-β-amyloid, umaka osemqoka we-pathological esifo sika-Alzheimer's. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okunempilo, iziguli ze-Alzheimer zinciphise ukwehlukahlukana kwe-microbiob ye-gut, ngokwehla kwe-bifidoobacterium.
Esikhathini sokungenelela komuntu kubantu abakhubazekile ngokomqondo obumnene (i-MCI), ukusetshenziswa kwe-bifidoobacterium MCC1274 kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo ekuhlolweni kwememori (ama-RBANS). Izikolo ezindaweni ezinjengememori esheshayo, ikhono elibonakalayo-lendawo, ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi, nememori ebambezelekile nayo ibithuthukiswa kakhulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-07-2025