Njengoba abantu bekhula, ukwehla kokusebenza kobuchopho kuyacaca kakhulu. Phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-20-49, iningi labo liqala ukubona ukwehla kokusebenza kobuchopho lapho belahlekelwa yinkumbulo noma ukukhohlwa. Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-50-59, ukuqaphela ukwehla kokusebenza kobuchopho kuvame ukufika lapho beqala ukuzwa ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwenkumbulo.
Lapho behlola izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, amaqembu ahlukene eminyaka agxila ezicini ezahlukene. Abantu abaneminyaka engu-20-29 bavame ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukulala ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kobuchopho (44.7%), kuyilapho abantu abaneminyaka engu-30-39 benesithakazelo esikhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhathala (47.5%). Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-40-59, ukuthuthukisa ukunaka kubhekwa njengesihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho (iminyaka engu-40-49: 44%, iminyaka engu-50-59: 43.4%).
Izithako Ezidumile Emakethe Yezempilo Yobuchopho YaseJapan
Ngokuhambisana nomkhuba womhlaba wonke wokuphishekela indlela yokuphila enempilo, imakethe yokudla okusebenzayo yaseJapan igcizelela kakhulu izixazululo zezinkinga ezithile zezempilo, impilo yobuchopho iyindawo ebalulekile. Ngomhlaka-11 Disemba 2024, iJapan yayisibhalise ukudla okusebenzayo okungu-1,012 (ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni), okungu-79 kwakho kwakuhlobene nempilo yobuchopho. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-GABA yayiyisithako esisetshenziswa kakhulu, ilandelwa yii-lutein/i-zeaxanthin, i-ginkgo leaf extract (ama-flavonoid, ama-terpenoid),I-DHA, I-Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Ama-Portulaca oleracea saponins, i-paclitaxel, ama-peptide e-imidazolidine,I-PQQ, kanye ne-ergothioneine.
1. I-GABA
I-GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) iyi-amino acid engeyona i-proteinogenic eyatholwa okokuqala nguSteward kanye nozakwabo ezicutshini ze-potato tuber ngo-1949. Ngo-1950, uRoberts nabanye bathola i-GABA ebuchosheni bezilwane ezincelisayo, eyakhiwa nge-α-decarboxylation engenakuguqulwa ye-glutamate noma usawoti wayo, eqhutshwa yi-glutamate decarboxylase.
I-GABA iyi-neurotransmitter ebalulekile etholakala kabanzi ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwezilwane ezincelisayo. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukushaqeka kwemizwa ngokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu zemizwa. Ebuchosheni, ibhalansi phakathi kokudluliselwa kwemizwa okuvimbelwe yi-GABA kanye nokudluliselwa kwemizwa okuvusayo okubangelwa yi-glutamate kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-membrane yeseli kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwemizwa.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-GABA ingavimbela izinguquko ze-neurodegenerative futhi ithuthukise inkumbulo kanye nemisebenzi yokuqonda. Izifundo zezilwane ziphakamisa ukuthi i-GABA ithuthukisa inkumbulo yesikhathi eside emagundwini ngokuncipha kokuqonda futhi ikhuthaza ukwanda kwamaseli e-neuroendocrine PC-12. Ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo, i-GABA iboniswe ukuthi ikhulisa amazinga e-serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) futhi inciphise ingozi ye-dementia kanye nesifo se-Alzheimer kwabesifazane abaseminyakeni ephakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GABA inemiphumela emihle esimweni sengqondo, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathala, kanye nokulala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingxube ye-GABA kanye ne-L-theanine inganciphisa ukubambezeleka kokulala, yandise isikhathi sokulala, futhi ikhulise ukuvezwa kwama-GABA kanye nama-glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. I-Lutein/i-Zeaxanthin
I-Luteiniyi-carotenoid ene-oxygen eyakhiwe yizinsalela eziyisishiyagalombili ze-isoprene, i-polyene engagcwalisiwe equkethe izibopho eziyisishiyagalolunye eziphindwe kabili, emunca futhi ikhiphe ukukhanya kuma-wavelength athile, iyinike izici zombala ezihlukile.I-Zeaxanthiniyi-isomer ye-lutein, ehlukile endaweni yesibopho esiphindwe kabili eringini.
I-Lutein ne-zeaxanthinyizinhlayiya eziyinhloko ku-retina. I-Lutein itholakala kakhulu ku-retina engaphandle, kuyilapho i-zeaxanthin igxile ku-macula ephakathi. Imiphumela yokuvikela ye-i-lutein ne-zeaxanthinkwamehlo kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa umbono, ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala (i-AMD), i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, kanye nokuvimbela i-retinopathy ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
Ngo-2017, abacwaningi base-University of Georgia bathole ukuthii-lutein ne-zeaxanthinIthonya elihle empilweni yobuchopho kubantu abadala. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ababambiqhaza abanamazinga aphezulu e-i-lutein ne-zeaxanthinbabonise umsebenzi ophansi wobuchopho lapho benza imisebenzi yokukhumbula amagama amabili, okuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinzwa okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lubike ukuthi i-Lutemax 2020, isithasiselo se-lutein esivela ku-Omeo, yandise kakhulu izinga le-BDNF (i-neurotrophic factor etholakala ebuchosheni), iphrotheni ebalulekile ehilelekile ekuqineni kwezinzwa, futhi ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaniseni ama-neurons, futhi ehlotshaniswa nokufunda okuthuthukisiwe, inkumbulo, kanye nomsebenzi wokuqonda.
(Amafomula esakhiwo se-lutein ne-zeaxanthin)
3. I-Ginkgo Leaf Extract (ama-Flavonoid, ama-Terpenoid)
I-Ginkgo biloba, uhlobo olulodwa olusindile emndenini we-ginkgo, luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinto eziphilayo zasendulo." Amaqabunga nembewu yalo kuvame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha futhi kungenye yemithi yemvelo esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Amakhemikhali asebenzayo atholakala ku-ginkgo leaf extract ikakhulukazi ama-flavonoid nama-terpenoid, anezakhiwo ezifana nokusiza ukunciphisa amafutha, imiphumela ye-antioxidant, ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, kanye nokunikeza isivikelo ekulimaleni kwesibindi kwamakhemikhali.
I-monograph ye-World Health Organisation mayelana nezitshalo zokwelapha icacisa ukuthii-ginkgoIzithako zamaqabunga kufanele zibe nama-glycoside e-flavonoid angu-22-27% kanye nama-terpenoid angu-5-7%, anokuqukethwe kwe-ginkgolic acid okungaphansi kuka-5 mg/kg. EJapane, i-Health and Nutrition Food Association ibeke amazinga ekhwalithi ye-ginkgo leaf extract, edinga okuqukethwe kwe-flavonoid glycoside okungenani okungu-24% kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-terpenoid okungenani okungu-6%, kanye ne-ginkgolic acid egcinwe ngaphansi kuka-5 ppm. Ukudla okunconywayo kwansuku zonke kwabantu abadala kuphakathi kuka-60 no-240 mg.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-ginkgo leaf extract ejwayelekile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo, kungathuthukisa kakhulu imisebenzi ethile yokuqonda, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kwenkumbulo kanye namakhono okwahlulela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ginkgo extract ibikwe ukuthi ithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho kanye nomsebenzi.
4. I-DHA
I-DHA(i-docosahexaenoic acid) iyi-omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Inengi ekudleni kwasolwandle kanye nemikhiqizo yalo, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, ezihlinzeka ngamagremu angu-0.68-1.3 e-DHA ngamagremu ayi-100. Ukudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni okufana namaqanda nenyama kuqukethe amanani amancane e-DHA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubisi lwebele lomuntu kanye nobisi lwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo nakho kuqukethe i-DHA. Ucwaningo olwenziwe kwabesifazane abangaphezu kuka-2,400 ezifundweni ezingu-65 luthole ukuthi ukuhlushwa okumaphakathi kwe-DHA ebisini lwebele kungu-0.32% wesisindo se-fatty acid iyonke, kusukela ku-0.06% kuya ku-1.4%, lapho abantu basogwini benamazinga aphezulu e-DHA ebisini lwebele.
I-DHA ihlotshaniswa nokukhula kobuchopho, ukusebenza, kanye nezifo. Ucwaningo olunzulu lubonisa ukuthiI-DHAkungathuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwemizwa, ukukhula kwemizwa, ukwakheka kwe-synaptic, kanye nokukhululwa kwemizwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis kwezilingo eziyi-15 ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe kubonise ukuthi ukudla okumaphakathi kwansuku zonke okungu-580 mg we-DHA kuthuthukise kakhulu inkumbulo yezigameko kubantu abadala abanempilo (abaneminyaka engu-18-90 ubudala) kanye nalabo abanokukhubazeka okuncane kokuqonda.
Izindlela zesenzo se-DHA zifaka: 1) ukubuyisela isilinganiso se-n-3/n-6 PUFA; 2) ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation okuhlobene nobudala okubangelwa ukusebenza ngokweqile kweseli le-M1 microglial; 3) ukucindezela i-phenotype ye-astrocyte ye-A1 ngokunciphisa izimpawu ze-A1 njenge-C3 ne-S100B; 4) ukuvimbela ngempumelelo indlela yokubonisana ye-proBDNF/p75 ngaphandle kokushintsha isignali ye-neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B etholakala ebuchosheni; kanye no-5) ukukhuthaza ukusinda kwe-neuronal ngokwandisa amazinga e-phosphatidylserine, okusiza ukudluliselwa kwe-membrane ye-protein kinase B (Akt) kanye nokusebenza kwayo.
5. I-Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Amathumbu, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ubuchopho besibili," aboniswe ukuthi anokuxhumana okuphawulekayo nobuchopho. Amathumbu, njengesitho esinokunyakaza okuzimela, angasebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokufundiswa kobuchopho ngqo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamathumbu nobuchopho kugcinwa ngesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele, izimpawu zamahomoni, kanye nama-cytokine, okwakha lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "i-gut-brain axis."
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi amabhaktheriya amathumbu adlala indima ekuqongeleleni kweprotheyini ye-β-amyloid, uphawu oluyinhloko lwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli ezinempilo, iziguli ze-Alzheimer's ziye zanciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwama-microbiota amathumbu, kanye nokwehla kobuningi be-Bifidobacterium.
Ezifundweni zokungenelela kwabantu kubantu abane-mild cognitive impairment (MCI), ukusetshenziswa kwe-Bifidobacterium MCC1274 kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwengqondo ku-Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Amaphuzu ezindaweni ezifana nenkumbulo esheshayo, ikhono lokubona-indawo, ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nenkumbulo ebambezelekile nakho kuthuthukiswe kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-07-2025