I-Sophora japonica, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-pagoda tree, ingenye yezinhlobo zezihlahla zakudala zaseShayina. Amarekhodi omlando avela ku-Shan Hai Jing yakudala yangaphambi kwe-Qin (i-Classic of Mountains and Seas) abhala ukusabalala kwayo, ephawula imishwana efana nethi "Mount Shou igcwele izihlahla ze-sophora" kanye "namahlathi e-Mount Li acebile nge-sophora." Lawa ma-akhawunti embula ukukhula kwemvelo kwesihlahla okusabalele kulo lonke elase-China kusukela kudala.
Njengophawu lwezitshalo olugxile ngokujulile esikweni, i-sophora iye yahlakulela ifa elicebile lamasiko. Ihlonishwa ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle nokuhlotshaniswa nokuba nenhlanhla emsebenzini osemthethweni, ikhuthaze izizukulwane zokufunda nokubhala. Emasikweni esintu, isihlahla kukholakala ukuthi sixosha imimoya emibi, kanti amaqabunga aso, izimbali, kanye nama-pods kade kwasetshenziswa emithini yesintu.
Ngo-2002, izimbali ze-sophora (huaihua) nama-buds (huaimi) zaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni uMnyango Wezempilo waseShayina njengezinto ezinezinjongo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha nezokupheka (Umbhalo No. [2002]51), okumaka ukufakwa kwazo phakathi kweqoqo lokuqala lesizwe le-yao shi tong yuan (izinto zokudla) -imithi.
Iphrofayela ye-Botanical
Igama lesayensi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Isihlahla esinamaqabunga emndenini wakwaFabaceae, i-sophora ifaka amagxolo ampunga amnyama, amahlamvu aminyene, namaqabunga ahlanganisiwe. Izimbali zayo ezinephunga elimnandi, eziphuzi eziphuzi ziqhakaza ehlobo, zilandelwa yinyama, imidumba enjengobuhlalu elenga emagatsheni.
I-China isingatha izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-Styphnolobium japonicum (i-Chinese sophora) kanye ne-Robinia pseudoacacia (intethe emnyama noma "isophora yangaphandle") eyethulwe kwamanye amazwe ngekhulu le-19. Nakuba zifana ngokubukeka, ziyehluka ngezindlela ezisetshenziswayo—izimbali zesikhonyane ezimnyama zivame ukudliwa njengokudla, kuyilapho izimbali zezinhlobo zomdabu zinenani elikhulu lokwelapha ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu kwe-bioactive compound.
Umehluko: Izimbali vs. Amahlumela
Amagama athi huaihua nelithi huaimi abhekisele ezigabeni zokuthuthuka ezihlukile:
- I-Huaihua: Izimbali eziqhakaze ngokugcwele
- Huaimi: Izimbali ezingavulwanga
Naphezu kwezikhathi zokuvuna ezihlukene, zombili zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngaphansi "kwezimbali ze-sophora" ngokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo.
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Izicelo Zokwelapha Zomlando
Umuthi wendabuko waseShayina uhlukanisa izimbali ze-sophora njengama-ejenti okupholisa isibindi. I-Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) iyaphawula: “Izimbali ze-Sophora zisebenza ezingxenyeni zegazi ze-Yangming ne-Jueyin meridians, ngaleyo ndlela zelaphe izifo ezihlobene nalokho.”
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Imibono Yesayensi Yesimanje
Ucwaningo lwesimanje lukhomba izingxenye ze-bioactive ezabiwe kuzo zombili izimbali namahlumela, okuhlanganisa ama-saponins e-triterpenoid, ama-flavonoid (i-quercetin, i-rutin), ama-fatty acids, ama-tannins, ama-alkaloid, nama-polysaccharides. Okutholakele okungukhiye:
1. I-Antioxidant Powerhouse
- Ama-Flavonoid afana ne-rutin ne-quercetin akhombisa amandla anamandla okulahla ama-radical mahhala.
- Amaqabunga aqukethe ama-phenolics nama-flavonoid angama-20-30% aphezulu kunezimbali ezivulekile.
- I-Quercetin ibonisa imiphumela encike kumthamo we-antioxidant ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-glutathione kanye ne-ROS neutralization.
2. Ukusekelwa Kwenhliziyo
- Ivimbela ukuhlangana kweplatelet (yehlisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi) nge-quercetin ne-rutin.
- Ivikela ama-erythrocyte ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative, igcina impilo ye-vascular.
3. Izakhiwo Ze-Anti-Glycation
- Icindezela ukwakheka kwe-glycation end-products (AGEs) ethuthukisiwe ngo-76.85% kumamodeli we-zebrafish.
- Ilwa nokuguga kwesikhumba kanye nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ngokuvinjwa kwezindlela eziningi.
4. I-Neuroprotective Effects
- Yehlisa izindawo ze-cerebral infarction kumamodeli we-rodent stroke ngo-40-50%.
- Ivimbela ukusebenza kwe-microglial kanye nama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory (isb, i-IL-1β), inciphisa ukufa kwe-neuronal.
I-Market Dynamics kanye Nezicelo
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokukhipha i-sophora, enenani lama- $ 202 wezigidi ngo-2025, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku- $ 379 wezigidi ngo-2033 (8.2% CAGR). Ukwandisa ubude bezinhlelo zokusebenza:
- Imithi: ama-hemostatic agents, ama-anti-inflammatory formulations
- Nutraceuticals: Izithako ze-Antioxidant, izilawuli zikashukela egazini
- I-Cosmeceuticals: Ama-serum aphikisana nokuguga, okhilimu abakhanyayo
- Imboni Yokudla: Izithako ezisebenzayo, itiye le-herbal
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Ikhredithi Yesithombe: Pixabay
Izinkomba Zesayensi:
- Ijenali ye-Ethnopharmacology (2023) mayelana nezinqubo ze-antioxidant
- I-Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) echaza izindlela ze-neuroprotective
- Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni ye-Cognitive Market Research (2024).
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Amanothi Okuthuthukisa:
- Amagama obuchwepheshe agcinwe ukuze anembe ngenkathi kuphinda kubhalwe kabusha izakhiwo zemisho
- Izingcaphuno zomlando zichazwe ngamagama ukugwema ukuphindaphinda kwezwi nezwi
- Amaphuzu edatha ahlanganiswe kabusha nezingcaphuno zocwaningo lwanamuhla
- Izibalo zemakethe zethulwa ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene e-syntactic
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2025