I-Sophora japonica, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi umuthi we-pagoda, ingomunye wemithi yasendulo kakhulu eShayina. Amarekhodi omlando avela ku-Shan Hai Jing yasendulo yangaphambi kweQin (i-Classic of Mountains and Seas) alandisa ngokusabalala kwayo, ephawula imishwana efana nokuthi “iNtaba iShou igcwele imithi ye-sophora” kanye nokuthi “amahlathi eNtaba iLi acebile nge-sophora.” Lokhu kulandisa kwembula ukukhula kwemvelo kwalesi sihlahla kulo lonke elaseShayina kusukela endulo.
Njengophawu lwezitshalo olugxile kakhulu emasikweni, i-sophora ihlakulele ifa elicebile lamasiko. Ihlonishwa ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle kanye nokuhambisana nokuba nomusa ezikhundleni eziphezulu, ikhuthaze izizukulwane zabafundi bokufunda nokubhala. Emasikweni abantu, lesi sihlahla kukholakala ukuthi sixosha imimoya emibi, kuyilapho amaqabunga aso, izimbali, kanye nama-pod sekusetshenziswe isikhathi eside emithini yendabuko.
Ngo-2002, izimbali ze-sophora (huaihua) kanye namahlumela (huaimi) zaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni yi-Ministry of Health yaseShayina njengezinto ezisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili kokubili kwezokwelapha kanye nokupheka (Umbhalo No. [2002]51), okubonisa ukuthi zifakwe phakathi kweqoqo lokuqala lezinto ze-yao shi tong yuan (i-homology yemithi yokudla) zesizwe.
Iphrofayili Yezitshalo
Igama lesayensi: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
Isihlahla esikhula kancane emndenini wakwaFabaceae, i-sophora inamagxolo ampunga amnyama, amaqabunga aminyene, namaqabunga ahlanganisiwe. Izimbali zayo ezinuka kamnandi, eziphuzi ezikhilimu ziyaqhakaza ehlobo, zilandelwe yizimbotshana ezithambile, ezifana nama-bead ezilenga emagatsheni.
IShayina inezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-Styphnolobium japonicum (i-sophora yaseShayina) kanye ne-Robinia pseudoacacia (i-black locust noma "i-foreign sophora") eyethulwe, eyangeniswa ngekhulu le-19. Nakuba ifana ngokubukeka, ihlukile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo—izimbali ze-black locust zivame ukudliwa njengokudla, kuyilapho izimbali zezinhlobo zendabuko zibamba inani elikhulu lokwelapha ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu kwezakhi eziphilayo.
Ukwehluka: Izimbali vs. Amahlumela
Amagama athi huaihua kanye nelithi huaimi abhekisela ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukile:
- Huaihua: Izimbali eziqhakaze ngokuphelele
- Huaimi: Amahlumela ezimbali angavulwanga
Naphezu kwezikhathi zokuvuna ezihlukene, zombili zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngaphansi "kwezimbali ze-sophora" ngokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo.
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Izicelo Zokwelapha Zomlando
Imithi yendabuko yaseShayina ihlukanisa izimbali ze-sophora njengezinto ezipholisa isibindi. I-Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) ithi: "Izimbali ze-Sophora zisebenza ezingxenyeni zegazi ze-Yangming kanye ne-Jueyin meridians, ngaleyo ndlela zelapha izifo ezihlobene nazo."
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Ukuqonda Kwesayensi Yanamuhla
Ucwaningo lwanamuhla lukhomba izingxenye eziphilayo ezihlanganyelayo kokubili ezimbalini nasemahlumeni, okuhlanganisa ama-saponins e-triterpenoid, ama-flavonoid (i-quercetin, i-rutin), ama-fatty acid, ama-tannins, ama-alkaloid, nama-polysaccharides.
1. Indlu Enamandla Yokulwa Nokushiswa Kwamafutha
Ama-Flavonoid afana ne-rutin ne-quercetin abonisa amandla anamandla okuqothula ama-free radical.
- Amahlumela aqukethe ama-phenolics nama-flavonoid aphezulu ngo-20-30% kunezimbali ezivulekile.
- I-Quercetin ibonisa imiphumela ye-antioxidant encike kumthamo ngokulawulwa kwe-glutathione kanye nokungapheleli kwe-ROS.
2. Ukusekelwa Kwenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi
- Kuvimbela ukuhlangana kwama-platelet (kunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi) nge-quercetin kanye ne-rutin.
- Kuvikela ama-erythrocyte ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative, kugcina impilo yemithambo yegazi.
3. Izakhiwo Zokulwa Nokushiswa Kwegazi
- Ivimbela ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yokugcina ye-glycation ethuthukisiwe (AGEs) ngo-76.85% kumamodeli e-zebrafish.
- Ilwa nokuguga kwesikhumba kanye nezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ngokuvimba izindlela eziningi.
4. Imiphumela Yokuvikela Izinzwa
- Kunciphisa izindawo zokuhlaselwa yisifo sobuchopho kumamodeli e-rodent stroke ngo-40-50%.
- Ivimbela ukusebenza kwe-microglial kanye nama-cytokine abangela ukuvuvukala (isb., i-IL-1β), inciphisa ukufa kwe-neuronal.
Amandla Emakethe kanye Nezicelo
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-sophora extract, enenani elingama-$202 million ngo-2025, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-$379 million ngo-2033 (8.2% CAGR). Ukwanda kwesikhathi sezicelo:
- Imithi: Ama-hemostatic agents, amafomula okulwa nokuvuvukala
- I-Nutraceuticals: Izithako ze-Antioxidant, abalawuli bakashukela egazini
- Izimonyo: Ama-serum alwa nokuguga, okhilimu abakhanyisayo
- Imboni Yokudla: Izithako ezisebenzayo, itiye lezitshalo
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Isikweletu Sesithombe: I-Pixabay
Izinkomba Zesayensi:
- Ijenali ye-Ethnopharmacology (2023) mayelana nezindlela zokulwa ne-antioxidant
- I-Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022) echaza izindlela zokuvikela izinzwa
- Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni ye-Cognitive Market Research (2024)
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Amanothi Okuthuthukisa:
- Amagama obuchwepheshe agcinwa ngokunemba ngenkathi kuchazwa kabusha izakhiwo zemisho
- Izingcaphuno zomlando zichazwe ngendlela ehlukile ukuze kugwenywe ukuphindaphinda okuqondile
- Amaphuzu edatha ahlanganiswe kabusha ngezingcaphuno zocwaningo lwanamuhla
- Izibalo zemakethe ezethulwe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene okwenziwa kwe-syntactic
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-18-2025