Ngaphansi kwegwebu elinyakazayo likabhiya wenhlaka kukhona umcebo wesitshalo olinganiselwa kancane. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-9 AD, yayisetshenziswa njengesilondolozi semvelo ngabaphisi botshwala baseYurophu. Ezinsukwini zamanje, isiphenduke into eluhlaza engabalulekile ekuphuzweni kukabhiya ngokubaba kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nephunga elimnandi. Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo ngama-hops.
1. Amahops: Isikhali somlingo sokwenza ubhiya
IHop (Humulus lupulus), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-snake hop, isitshalo esihlala njalo esikhuphukayo somndeni wakwaCannabaceae futhi singakhula sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7. Inama-inflorescence aminyene ayi-conical, abizwa nge-botanical ngokuthi ama-cones futhi akhiwe ngamacembe e-resin athambile, akhanyayo aluhlaza. Uma sezivuthiwe, izigaxa zamahops zimbozwa izindlala ze-anthocyanin ezikhiqiza inhlaka kanye namafutha abalulekile, okwenza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nephunga elimnandi lenhlobonhlobo ye-hop. Ama-hop cones avame ukuvunwa ekupheleni kuka-August noma ngo-September.
Amahops asetshenziswa njengekhambi lokwelapha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo zaseGibhithe. Ngezikhathi zamaRoma, ama-hops ayesetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izifo zesibindi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Kusukela ngekhulu le-13, ama-hops athathwa njengomuthi omuhle wokuthuthukisa imfiva kanye nezifo ze-spleen esifundeni sama-Arab.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamahops kubhiya kungalandelelwa emuva eYurophu ngekhulu lesi-9 AD. Ekuqaleni, zengezwe kubhiya ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokulondoloza ukuze zinwebe isikhathi seshelufu. Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, abaphisi botshwala ezindlini zezindela zaseJalimane bathola ukuthi yayingalinganisa ubumnandi be-malt, inikeze ubhiya nokubaba okuqabulayo kanye nephunga elimnandi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yamisa indawo yayo eyinhloko ekukhiqizeni ubhiya. Namuhla, cishe amaphesenti angama-98 ama-hop atshaliwe asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuphisa ubhiya, kanti i-United States ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wama-hops emhlabeni.
2. Hhayi ekwenziweni kokuphisa kuphela, amahops anemiphumela eminingi enenzuzo
Amahops, anomunyu nephunga lawo eliyingqayizivele, asephenduke inzalo esetshenziswayo ekwenziweni kukabhiya. Nokho, inani layo lidlulela ngalé kwalokhu.
Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luthole ukuthi amahops aqukethe i-α -acids (ikakhulukazi i-humulone) kanye ne-β -acids (ikakhulukazi i-humulone), ama-flavonols (i-quercetin ne- kaempferol), amafutha e-flavonoid 3 (ikakhulukazi ama-catechin, ama-epicatechin nama-proanthocyanidin), ama-phenolic acid (i-ferulic acid), kanye nenani elincane le-isoprevic acid (i-isoprevic acid). Phakathi kwazo, ama-alpha acid nama-beta acid ayimithombo eyinhloko yokubaba kwamahops.
I-sedation kanye nosizo lokulala: I-Humulone kuma-hops ingabopha kuma-receptors e-GABA, inciphise ukukhathazeka futhi ikhuthaze ukulala. I-GABA kuma-hops ingakhuphula umsebenzi we-neurotransmitter GABA, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kwemodeli yezilwane kubonisa ukuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-2-milligram kokukhipha kwe-hop kunganciphisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi wasebusuku kusigqi se-circadian. Sengiphetha, umphumela wokulalisa wama-hops uqondiswa umsebenzi othuthukisiwe wama-GABA receptors, anesibopho sokudluliswa kwe-synaptic okusheshayo okuvimbele ebuchosheni. Njengamanje, abantu bavame ukuhlanganisa ama-hops ne-valerian ukwenza itiye elizolile.
Imiphumela ye-Antioxidant kanye ne-anti-inflammatory: Ama-Hops aqukethe ama-biomolecules anamandla amakhulu okulwa ne-antioxidant njenge-flavonols, i-rutin (i-quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), ne-astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), engavimbela ngempumelelo umonakalo ovela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-xanthol ku-hops ingaqeda ama-radicals mahhala, ivimbele indlela ye-NF-κB, futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala okungapheli (okufana nesifo samathambo).
I-Antibacterial: Kusukela eGibhithe lasendulo, ama-hops aye asetshenziselwa ukulondoloza ukudla. I-α -acid ne-β -acid ebabayo kuma-hops inomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane futhi ingavimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Enterococcus faecalis, i-Staphylococcus epidermococcus, i-Streptococcus mutans kanye ne-Gram-positive bacteria. Lesi futhi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza ubhiya ngokomlando uphephe kunamanzi okuphuza. Ngaphezu kokuyinikeza izinto ezilwa namagciwane, i-alpha-asidi isiza nokugcina ukuqina kwegwebu likabhiya.
Ukusekela impilo yabesifazane: I-Hop isoprenylnaringin (etholakala ku-fulminol kanye nokuphuma kwayo) inganxephezela ukwehla kwamazinga angu-17-β -estradiol ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Amalungiselelo eHop aqukethe i-8-isoprenylnaringin, okungenye ye-phytoestrogens enamandla eyaziwa embusweni wezitshalo. Amalungiselelo e-Hop angasetshenziswa njengengxenye yemvelo ye-phytoestrogens ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane ukukhulula ukushisa okushisayo, ukuqwasha nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Ucwaningo oluhilela abesifazane abangu-63 lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-hop kunganciphisa izimpawu ze-vasomotor ezihlobene nokuya esikhathini kanye nokushisa okushisayo.
Ukuvikela izinzwa: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-hop terpenes ingangena kumgoqo wegazi nobuchopho, ivikele izinzwa, inikeze isivikelo sokulwa nokuvuvukala ebuchosheni, futhi yehlise ingcindezi ye-oxidative. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-hop isoalphaic acid ingathuthukisa inkumbulo encike ku-hippocampal kanye nemisebenzi yengqondo ehlobene ne-prefrontal cortex ngokwenza kusebenze ukudluliswa kwe-dopamine neural. I-asidi ebabayo kuma-hops ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenkumbulo ngokusebenzisa umshini oxhunywe yi-norepinephrine neurotransmission. I-Hop isoalphaic acid ingadambisa ukuvuvukala kwe-neuroinflammation kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo kumamodeli ahlukahlukene wezifo ze-rodent neurodegenerative, okuhlanganisa nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hops
Idatha ye-Mordor ikhombisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe ye-hop ulinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-9.18 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2025 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-12.69 ngonyaka ka-2030, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-6.70% ngesikhathi sokubikezela (2025-2030). Iqhutshwa ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kukabhiya, ukuthambekela kobhiya wezandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-hop, imakethe ye-hop kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula.
Impilo Enhle nje
Kwethulwe i-capsule yemifino ye-hop. Lo mkhiqizo unomphumela wokulalisa futhi usiza ngokulala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-24-2025